我十分荣幸地应邀为李尧教授这套重要的澳大利亚文学优秀翻译作品写序。这套书为庆祝李尧教授从事澳大利亚文学翻译四十周年，由青岛出版社出版，恰逢我们两国建立外交关系四十五周年。我要指出的是，这两个周年纪念日密切相关。
July 2017
高夫·惠特拉姆领导的工党早在1955年就承认了中华人民共和国。可是直到十七年之后，1972年12月2日，该党才成为执政党。1972年12月21日，高夫·惠特拉姆就任总理不到三个星期，便与中国政府签订了澳大利亚与中华人民共和国建立外交关系的联合公报。根据《公报》，两国政府同意“在互相尊重……平等互利、和平共处的原则基础之上，发展两国间的外交关系、友谊和合作”。
The University of Sydney
1973年1月12日，澳大利亚驻华大使馆在北京正式开馆。同年晚些时候，高夫·惠特拉姆成为第一位访华的澳大利亚总理，并且与周恩来、毛泽东进行了历史性的会晤。惠特拉姆创建的澳大利亚与中国的外交关系一直被描绘为二十世纪我们两国之间发生的最重要的事件，时至今日，仍然是两国关系的重要基础。
Professor of Australian Literature
除了贸易和旅游业，文化教育交流对于我们两国关系的发展起到越来越重要的作用。从二十世纪七十年代起，这种交流便将澳大利亚文学研究囊括其中。建立外交关系之后，1975年，第一批五位中国学生到澳大利亚大学学习。李尧教授为几代中国读者翻译澳大利亚文学的生涯一直以这种文化交流为中心。
Professor Robert Dixon，FAHA
1966年，李尧从内蒙古师范大学毕业之后，作为作家和文学杂志编辑一直在内蒙古工作，直到1992年到北京商务部培训中心任英语教授。他1986年加入中国作家协会，专事文学翻译。从那时起，开始和北京外国语大学胡文仲教授合作翻译澳大利亚文学作品。胡文仲教授是悉尼大学的研究生，所谓“九人帮”之一。“九人帮”是1966到1976年“文革”之后，第一批从中国到澳大利亚攻读硕士学位的学者。1979年，他们师从我的前辈——悉尼大学澳大利亚文学教授雷欧妮·克雷默爵士。我那时是英语系一个年轻的辅导员，正在做博士论文。时至今日还清楚地记着活跃在系里的这几位中国访问学者。
Li Yao has shown extraordinary dedication in his sustained commitment to the translation of Australian literature in China．No one in China knows more about Australian writing today than Li Yao，who has many friends among authors and literary scholars in Australia．In 2014，I attended a ceremony in the University of Sydney's historic Great Hall in which Li Yao was awarded an Honorary Doctorate for his services to Australian literature．It was a proud moment for the University that had played so foundational a role in Australian literary studies，both in Australia and China．“I love Australian literature”，Li Yao has said．“It is an important pillar of world literature．Over the past four decades，I have nurtured great friendships with many outstanding authors from Australia．In translating their works，my own life has changed immensely”．In retrospect，we can see that Li Yao's career in literary translation has been exemplary in fulfilling the terms of the 1972 Communique，with which it is approximately contemporary：that is，to“develop … diplomatic relations，friendship and co-operation between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect … equality and mutual benefit，and peaceful coexistence”．
“九人帮”学成回国之后，对推动中国的澳大利亚研究起到很大的影响作用。从那时候起，在中国各地已经建立起三十多个澳大利亚研究中心。许多学者把澳大利亚文学翻译介绍给中国读者，不少“中心”开设澳大利亚文学课程。包括北京大学、北京外国语大学——李尧教授在这两所大学教授澳大利亚文学翻译——华东师范大学、人民大学、安徽大学、苏州大学、内蒙古大学、内蒙古师范大学。
Today Li Yao remains very actively engaged with Australian literature．Most recently，he was an honoured guest of the 2017 Conference of the Association for the Study of Australian Literature （ASAL） in Melbourne，where he addressed an interested and appreciative audience of Australian scholars about his life's work．Li Yao is always open to advice on new titles of interest．Chinese readers are currently very interested in Tom Keneally's works，for example，and he plans to translate Shame and the Captives．He remains interested in Australian Indigenous Literature and Children's books，and plans to translate further new novels by his friend Alex Miller．He is also co-writing，with Professor David Walker，a memoir about his and his family's experiences in and after the War of Liberation and in the early years of New China and in the Cultural Revolution．This is a book that will be eagerly read by his many friends in Australia．
最初，是胡文仲教授鼓励李尧从事澳大利亚文学研究与翻译。二十世纪八十年代，他们在北京相识。胡教授说，澳大利亚文学在中国还是一块未开垦的处女地。他鼓励李尧作为翻译者致力于这一领域，作出贡献。“文革”前，中国读者对美国、英国、俄罗斯、法国、德国和其他欧洲国家的文学比较熟悉，但是对澳大利亚文学知之甚少。那时候，只有亨利·劳森、弗兰克·哈代和少数几位“社会主义现实主义”作家通过翻译为中国读者所知。1991年，上海译文出版社出版了胡教授和李尧合作翻译的帕特里克·怀特的《人树》。帕特里克·怀特是澳大利亚最著名的作家之一，1973年获得诺贝尔文学奖。他之所以影响深远，是因为和早期现实主义作家不同，他的小说通过国际现代主义文体创新，展示了澳大利亚社会与澳大利亚风土人情。
Li Yao's translation of Carpentaria perhaps deserves special comment as the culmination of a lifetime's work，and some forty years' cultural exchange between the two countries．The novel imagines Australian life from an Aboriginal perspective；it is written from within the Aboriginal life world，in a unique style that might be described as a kind of Aboriginal magical realism．Among Chinese translators of Australian literature，only Li Yao had the depth of experience to take on the challenging task of translating such a masterwork from another culture into Mandarin．He saw it through to publishing with the prestigious People's Literature Publishing House and gathered support from leading Chinese writers，including Nobel literature laureate Mo Yan，who launched it at the Australian Embassy in Beijing．
和胡教授合作之后，李尧坚持翻译澳大利亚文学，把他已经继承的传统传承下去。迄今为止，他已经翻译了多达三十五部的澳大利亚文学作品，其中包括布莱恩·卡斯特罗、理查德·弗兰纳根、阿尼塔·海斯、考琳·麦卡洛、大卫·马鲁夫、亚历克斯·米勒和金姆·斯科特等多位作家的小说。还有历史与非小说译作出版。李尧大多数翻译作品的出版都得到澳中理事会、澳大利亚理事会文学委员会、在华澳大利亚研究基金会的资助。为纪念中澳建交四十五周年重新选择出版的这套译著包括业已在澳大利亚和世界范围内赢得盛誉的作品。这些作品有的获得“迈尔斯·富兰克林文学奖”，有的获得“英联邦作家奖”，有的获得“布克国际文学奖”。他的译著还包括帕特里克·怀特的长篇小说《人树》《树叶裙》、自传《镜中瑕疵》；表现澳中关系最早的两部小说：布莱恩·卡斯特罗的《候鸟》和亚历克斯·米勒的《浪子》；著名学者、前澳大利亚驻华大使馆文化官员尼古拉斯·周思的《长安大街》。还有赢得“布克国际文学奖”的三位作家的作品：彼得·凯里的《凯利帮真史》、托马斯·肯尼利的《内海的女人》、理查德·弗兰纳根的《古尔德鱼书》。除了获得“迈尔斯·富兰克林文学奖”和“英联邦作家奖”的《浪子》之外，李尧还翻译了亚历克斯·米勒的《别了，那道风景》和《煤河》。还有一些重要的非小说类作品，包括大卫·沃克的家族史《光明行》和马拉·穆斯塔芬的《哈尔滨档案》。这两本书都从不同的角度记录了中澳两国普通人之间的关系。
Perhaps because of White's own fame as Australia's only Nobel Prize winning writer，Li Yao is known especially in Australia as a champion of Patrick White in China．His translation of The Tree of Man has been reprinted three times in the past twenty five years，selling over 20，000 copies．White's autobiography，Flaws in the Glass，has also been reprinted three times，seeling more than 12，000 copies．His translations of The Tree of Man，Flaws in the Glass，The Ancestor Game，True History of the Kelly Gang，and Carpentaria have been well reviewed and well received in China，and many students have gone on to write their Masters and PhD dissertations on these world-class Australian novels，having been first introduced to them by Li Yao．
最近几年，李尧紧跟澳大利亚文学的最新发展，继续把澳大利亚作家的新作品介绍给中国读者。他对澳大利亚儿童文学和澳大利亚原住民作家的作品特别关注。这个纪念译文集也收入了相关作品。从2010年起，李尧在澳中理事会的支持下，选择并组织力量翻译了十本澳大利亚儿童文学经典，包括深受几代读者喜爱的埃塞尔·帕德利的《多特和袋鼠》、梅·吉布斯的《小胖壶和小面饼》、埃塞尔·特纳的《七个澳大利亚小孩儿》、多萝西·沃尔的《眨眼睛的比尔》、鲁斯·帕克的《糊里糊涂的树袋熊》和科林·蒂勒的《暴风雨中的男孩》。这些书由人民文学出版社出版，在中国很受欢迎。《多特和袋鼠》《七个澳大利亚小孩儿》新版将由中国青年出版社出版。李尧决心为推动澳大利亚儿童文学作品在中国的翻译出版作出更大的贡献。他将翻译介绍更多的儿童文学作品，收入他的“考拉丛书”。
In addition to his translation and teaching at PKU，Li Yao has served as a council member of the Chinese Association for Australian Studies since it began in 1988．He won the Australia-China Council's inaugural Translation Prize in 1996 for his translation of Alex Miller's The Ancestor Game，in 2008 for Nicholas Jose's The Red Thread，and again in 2012 for his translation of Alexis Wright's Carpentaria．He was awarded the Council's gold medal in 2008 for his distinguished contribution in the field of Australian literary translation in China．
自从2006年起，在他的好朋友——学者、作家、前文化参赞尼古拉斯·周思教授的帮助下，李尧一直在研究、翻译澳大利亚原住民文学。已经出版的作品有金姆·斯科特的《心中的明天》、亚历克西斯·赖特的《卡彭塔利亚湾》和阿尼塔·海斯的《我是谁》。他目前正在翻译亚历克西斯·赖特的《天鹅书》。鉴于澳大利亚原住民文学到目前为止还没有被系统地介绍到中国，对大多数中国读者而言，那还是一个不熟悉的领域，李尧希望这些书能使中国读者对澳大利亚有更多的了解。
Since 2006，with the help of his great friend，the novelist，academic，and former cultural counsellor，Professor Nicholas Jose，Li Yao has been researching and translating Australian Aboriginal Literature．His translations include Kim Scott's Benang：From the Heart，Alexis Wright's Carpentaria，and Anita Heiss' Who Am I．He is currently working on a translation of Alexis Wright's The Swan Book．He hopes that these books will expand Chinese understanding of Australia，aware that Australian Aboriginal literature has not been introduced to China systematically so far，and so to most Chinese readers this is still an unfamiliar field．
除了从事文学翻译以及在北京大学、北京外国语大学教授澳大利亚文学翻译之外，李尧从1988年中国澳大利亚研究学会成立以来，一直担任学会理事。1996年，他因翻译亚历克斯·米勒的《浪子》获得澳中理事会首次在中国颁发的翻译奖，2008年因翻译尼古拉斯·周思的《红线》、2012年因翻译亚历克西斯·赖特的《卡彭塔利亚湾》又连续两次获此殊荣。2008年因其在澳大利亚文学翻译领域的杰出贡献，获澳中理事会颁发的金奖章。
In more recent years，Li Yao has continued to provide leadership and innovation by keeping up with the latest developments in Australian literature，and continuing to introduce new works by Australian writers to Chinese readers．He has recently shown a particular interest in the areas of Australian children's literature，and writing by Australia's Indigenous authors，and there are examples of these works also included in the Anniversary series．Sponsored by the Australia-China Council，from 2010 Li Yao worked to select and translate 10 Australian children's books，including such well-known and loved classics as Ethel Pedley'sDot and the Kangaroo，May Gibbs' Tales of Snugglepot and Cuddlpie，Ethel Turner's Seven Little Australians，Dorothy Wall's Blinky Bill，Ruth Park's The Muddle-Headed Wombat，and Colin Thiele's Storm Boy．These books were published by People's Literature Publishing House and have become very popular in China．New editions of Dot and the Kangaroo and Seven little Australians are to be published by China Youth Publishing House．Li Yao has reaffirmed his commitment to promoting Australian children's books in China，and will introduce more titles into this series，which is to be called his Koala Books series．
也许因为怀特作为澳大利亚唯一的诺贝尔文学奖获得者享有盛名，李尧也因其在中国翻译介绍帕特里克·怀特的作品在澳大利亚广为人知。在过去的二十五年里，他和胡文仲教授合作翻译的《人树》先后印刷三次，销售量超过20000册。怀特的自传《镜中瑕疵》也被印刷三次，销售量超过12000册。他翻译的《人树》《镜中瑕疵》《浪子》《凯利帮真史》和《卡彭塔利亚湾》在中国受到好评和欢迎。不少学生依据李尧第一次介绍到中国的这些世界第一流的澳大利亚文学作品，撰写硕士和博士论文。
After collaborating with Professor Hu，Li Yao continued to translate Australian literature，carrying on the tradition that he had initiated．Li Yao today has translated a staggering total of 35 titles．The list of his translations includes novels by Brian Castro，Richard Flanagan，Anita Heiss，Colleen McCulloch，David Malouf，Alex Miller，and Kim Scott，as well as important works of history and non-fiction．Most of Li Yao's translations were generously supported by funding from the Australia-China Council，the Literature Board of the Australia Council and FASIC，the Foundation for Australian Studies in China．The works selected for re-printing in the 45th Anniversary series include many of the novels that have gone on to achieve fame both in Australia and internationally through their winning of prizes such as the Miles Franklin Literary Award，the Commonwealth Writers Prize，and the Man Booker Literary Award．His translations include Patrick White's novels，The Tree of Man and A Fringe of Leaves，and his autobiography，Flaws in the Glass；two of the earliest novels about Australian-Chinese relationships，Brian Castro's Birds of Passage，and Alex Miller's The Ancestor Game；and Avenue of Eternal Peace，by academic and former cultural officer in Beijing，Nicholas Jose．The list also includes titles by the three Australian authors who have won the prestigious Man Booker Literary Prize：Peter Carey's True History of the Kelly Gang，Tom Keneally's Woman of the Inner Sea and Richard Flanagan's Gould's Book of Fish．In addition to The Ancestor Game，which won both the Miles Franklin Literary Award and the Commonwealth Writers Prize，there are two other novels by Alex Miller，Landscape of Farewell and Coal Creek．In addition to works of fiction，Li Yao's translations of important works of non-fiction include David Walker's memoir Not Dark Yet，and Mara Moustafine's Secrets and Spies：The Harbin Files，both of which in different ways touch on people-to-people Chinese-Australia links．
李尧的译作《卡彭塔利亚湾》作为他毕生从事文学翻译以及四十多年来两国文化交流的巅峰之作，也许特别值得一提。这部小说从原住民的视角出发，以一种也许可以称之为原住民魔幻现实主义的独特风格想象了澳大利亚的生活。在中国的澳大利亚文学翻译者中，也许只有李尧因其具有丰富的经验，可以接受挑战，将这样一部杰作从一种完全不同的文化翻译为中文。2012年，他克服了重重困难，在久负盛名的人民文学出版社出版此书。该书翻译出版过程中，得到多位中国著名作家的支持。诺贝尔文学奖获得者莫言在澳大利亚驻华大使馆为《卡彭塔利亚湾》举行的新书发布会揭幕，并做了热情洋溢的发言。
It was Professor Hu Wenzhong who first encouraged Li Yao to make his career in the study and translation of Australian literature．When they met in Beijing in the mid 1980s，Professor Hu explained that Australian literature was still an untouched field in China，and he encouraged Li Yao to devote himself to this area and make a contribution to it as a translator．Before the Cultural Revolution，Chinese readers had some familiarity with American，British，Russian，French，German and other European literatures，but they knew little about Australian literature．At that time，only Henry Lawson，Frank Hardy and a few other“social realist”writers were known through translation．Collaborating together，Professor Hu and Li Yao translated Patrick White's The Tree of Man，which was published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House in 1991．Patrick White was Australia's most famous writer，having won the Nobel Prize in 1973．Unlike the earlier realist writers，he was significant because his novels mediated Australian experience and the Australian landscape through the stylistic innovations of international modernism．
今天，李尧依然活跃在澳大利亚文学研究的舞台上。最近，作为在墨尔本召开的“澳大利亚文学研究会2017年会”（ASAL）的贵宾，他对兴趣盎然、不无赞赏的澳大利亚学者讲述了自己毕生的工作。李尧总是乐于倾听同事们对新的、有趣的选题的建议。比如，最近中国读者对托马斯·肯尼利的作品很感兴趣，他就计划翻译这位文学大师的《耻辱和俘虏》。他对澳大利亚原住民文学和儿童文学依然表现出浓厚的兴趣，计划翻译他的朋友亚历克斯·米勒的新小说。他与大卫·沃克教授正在合作撰写关于他和他的家族在解放战争前后、新中国建立初期以及“文革”中经历的纪实文学作品。这是一本令他许多澳大利亚朋友热切期待的书。
After graduating from Inner Mongolian Normal University in 1966，Li Yao worked as a writer and editor for journals in Inner Mongolia until his appointment as Professor of English at the Training Centre of the Ministry of Commerce in Beijing in 1992．He became a member of the Chinese Writers' Association in 1986，specialising in literary translation．At that time，he started collaborating with Professor Hu Wenzhong at Beijing Foreign Studies University on the translation of Australian literature．Professor Hu is a graduate of the University of Sydney，a member of the so-called“Gang of Nine”，who were among the first students from China to undertake graduate study in Australia after the Cultural Revolution of 1966 to 1976．In 1979，the“Gang of Nine”studied under my predecessor as Professor of Australian Literature at the University of Sydney，Professor Dame Leonie Kramer．I was then a young tutor in the English Department researching my own PhD thesis，and I well remember the presence of our Chinese visitors in the Department．The“Gang of Nine”proved influential in developing Australian Studies in China after their return．Since that time，over 30 Australian Studies Centres have been set up across China．A number of these centres have courses on Australian literature，and have people working on translating and introducing Australian literature to Chinese readers．They include Peking University and Beijing Foreign Studies University，where Professor Li Yao teaches advanced translation studies，as well as，Shanghai's East China Normal University，Renmin University，Anhui University，Suzhou University，Inner Mongolia University and Inner Mongolia Normal University．
李尧在中国长期致力于澳大利亚文学翻译，表现出非同寻常的献身精神。在中国，没有人比李尧对澳大利亚文学作品更了解。他在澳大利亚作家和文学工作者中有许多朋友。2014年，我在悉尼大学历史悠久的大会堂参加了授予李尧荣誉文学博士的典礼。对于这所无论在澳大利亚还是中国都在澳大利亚文学研究领域起到基础性作用的大学来说，这是一个骄傲的时刻。“我热爱澳大利亚文学。”李尧说，“它是世界文学的重要支柱。在过去的四十年里，我和许多澳大利亚优秀作家结下了深厚的友谊。在翻译他们作品的过程中，我自己的生活也发生了巨大的变化。”回顾往事，我们可以看到，李尧的文学翻译生涯，堪称实现1972年《公报》初衷的楷模。今天，我们依然为之努力，那就是“在互相尊重……平等互利、和平共处的原则基础之上，发展两国间的外交关系、友谊和合作”。
In addition to trade and tourism，cultural and educational exchanges have been of increasing importance to the relationship between our two countries．Since the 1970s，these links have included the study of Australian literature．The first five Chinese students to study in Australian universities after the establishment of diplomatic relations arrived in 1975，and the number increased rapidly from the late 1980s．Professor Li Yao's career in translating Australian literature for generations of Chinese readers has been central to this story of cultural exchange．
罗伯特·迪克逊
The Australian Embassy in Beijing was opened on 12 January 1973，and later that year Gough Whitlam became the first Australian Prime Minister to visit China，holding historic meetings with Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong．Whitlam's establishment of diplomatic relations between Australia and China has been described as the single most important event in relations between our two countries in the twentieth century，and remains the foundation of the relationship today．
澳大利亚人文科学院院士
The Australian Labor Party，led by Gough Whitlam，had recognised the Peoples' Republic of China as early as 1955，but it was another seventeen years before it was elected into government，on 2 December 1972．Less than three weeks later，on 21 December 1972，Prime Minister Gough Whitlam signed the joint communique establishing diplomatic relations between Australia and The Peoples' Republic of China．Under the terms of the Communique，the two Governments agreed to“develop … diplomatic relations，friendship and co-operation between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect … equality and mutual benefit，and peaceful coexistence”．
悉尼大学澳大利亚文学教授
It is my great honour to have been asked to write a General Preface for this important series of award-winning translations of Australian literature by Professor Li Yao，to be published by Qingdao Publishing House．The series is in celebration of Professor Li Yao's 40th Anniversary as a translator of Australian literature，which coincides with the 45th Anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between our two countries．As I will explain，these two anniversaries are closely connected．
2017年7月